![]() In late December 2008, a senior Navy official announced that the two Typhoon-class submarines, TK-17 Arkhangelsk and TK-20 Severstal, that are in reserve would not be rearmed with the new Bulava SLBM missile system. The Typhoons have been replaced by the Borei class since 2010-2011. Arkhangelsk (TK-17) and Severstal (TK-20) remain in reserve, not currently active with the Russian fleet. Only the first of these submarines to be constructed, Dmitriy Donskoy, is still in active service with the Russian Navy, serving as a test platform for the Bulava (SS-NX-32) missile. The construction order for an additional vessel (hull number TK-210) was cancelled and never completed. Names were later assigned to the four vessels retained by the Russian Navy, which were sponsored by either a city or company. Originally, the submarines were designated by hull numbers only. ![]() These ships – after the considerable engineering required to develop technologies to transfer oil from drilling platforms to the submarines, and later, to the waiting tankers – would then deliver their cargo world-wide. The submarines could take up to 10,000 tonnes of cargo on-board and ship it under the polar ice to tankers waiting in the Barents Sea. In the early 1945, there were also proposals to rebuild some of the Typhoon-class submarines to submarine cargo vessels for shipping oil, gas and cargo under polar ice to Russia's far flung northern territories. The submarine had to be scaled accordingly. To accommodate this increase in range, Soviet SLBMs were substantially larger and heavier than their American counterparts (the R-39 Rif is more than twice as heavy as the UGM-96 Trident I it remains the heaviest SLBM to have been in service worldwide). The project was developed with the objective to match the SLBM armament of Ohio-class submarines, capable of carrying 192 nuclear warheads, 100 kt each, but with significantly longer range. It is sometimes confused with other submarines, as Akula is the name NATO uses to designate the Russian Project 971 Shchuka-B (Щука-Б)-class attack submarines. The Typhoon class was developed under Project 941 as the Russian Akula class (Акула), meaning shark. Today, the world’s largest submarine is the BS-329 Belgorod, a special purpose unit, a carrier of 2M39 Poseidon nuclear torpedoes.Submarine: typhoon class soviet submarine Typhoon, one of the many manifestations of Soviet gigantomania, eventually made history. Its voyage was observed by NATO forces and caused a great – and justified – sensation. In 2017, Dmitry Donskoy, along with the heavy cruiser Petr Velikiy, project 11442, went from the Northern Fleet to the Baltic to take part in the central celebration of the Fleet Parade in Kronstadt. Politicians and high-ranking military officers of the USSR and Russia, including Gorbachev and Putin, liked to show up on the Typhoons. In 2002, Dmitry Donskoy underwent the project 941UM modernization, after which it participated in tests of the Bulava missile system. The seventh was not completed for financial and political reasons – both related to the collapse of the Soviet empire. ![]() ![]() Five more submarines of this class were built. The submarine was launched on September 29, 1980, and entered service on December 29, 1981. The keel of TK-208 was laid on July 17, 1976. The TK-208 measured 170.0×23.3 meters and displaced 48,000 tons submerged, more than most WWII battleships! This arrangement made them the largest submarines ever built. The whole construction is surrounded by a hydrodynamic outer hull. A set of 20 missile launchers was deployed between the main hulls – without penetrating them. Typhoon-class structure consisted of two parallel main pressure hulls and separate modules arranged above them: command, torpedo and stern. They were caused mainly by their unmatched size, which became the reason for an entry in the “Guinness Book of Records”, as well as by the external shape that gave rise to conjecture about the construction of the interior – long remaining a mystery. SSBNs of the project 941 have gathered a lot of interest since their inception. The design of the vessel was developed by the “Rubin” Design Bureau in Leningrad under the leadership of Sergey N. The TK-208 SSBN (official Russian designation: nuclear heavy submarine cruiser of strategic-purpose) was the prototype of a series of six units of the project 941 Akula (shark). The end of an era Typhoon class SSBN missile tubes.
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